crank up the volume

crank [kræŋk]

1 noun

(a) familiar (eccentric) allumé(e) m,f;

∎ a religious crank un (une) fanatique;

∎ she's a bit of a crank elle est un peu allumée;

∎ what a crank! quel allumé!

(b) American familiar (bad-tempered person) grognon(onne) m,f

(c) Technology manivelle f

2 transitive verb

(engine) démarrer à la manivelle; (gramophone) remonter à la manivelle;

∎ to crank the shutters up/down remonter/baisser les volets (à la manivelle)

►► Technology crank handle manivelle f

➲ crank out separable transitive verb

American familiar (books, plays etc) produire en quantités industrielles^□ ;

∎ this is the fourth novel he's cranked out this year c'est le quatrième roman d'affilée qu'il sort cette année

➲ crank up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (engine) démarrer à la manivelle; (gramophone) remonter à la manivelle

(b) figurative (increase) augmenter;

∎ crank up the volume monte le son

(c) (idiom)

∎ to get things cranked up mettre tout en place

2 intransitive verb

familiar drugs slang se shooter

◆ crank up

1. (turn with crank)

▪ to \crank up up ⇆ sth engine, gramophone, telephone etw ankurbeln

2. ( fam: increase)

to \crank up up the speed/pressure die Geschwindigkeit/den Druck erhöhen

to \crank up the volume up on the radio das Radio lauter stellen

* * *

ankurbeln v.

1) ( turn with crank)

to \crank up up <-> sth engine, gramophone, telephone etw ankurbeln

2) (fam: increase)

to \crank up up the speed/ pressure die Geschwindigkeit/den Druck erhöhen;

to \crank up the volume up on the radio das Radio lauter stellen

VT + ADV

1) [+ hearing aid] subir; [+ music] poner más fuerte

2) (=intensify) [+ campaign, bombing] intensificar

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Architecture and building, Horology, Weapons and armour

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Leonardo was the illegitimate son of a Florentine lawyer. His first sixteen years were spent with the lawyer's family in the rural surroundings of Vinci, which aroused in him a lifelong love of nature and an insatiable curiosity in it. He received little formal education but extended his knowledge through private reading. That gave him only a smattering of Latin, a deficiency that was to be a hindrance throughout his active life. At sixteen he was apprenticed in the studio of Andrea del Verrochio in Florence, where he received a training not only in art but in a wide variety of crafts and technical arts.

In 1482 Leonardo went to Milan, where he sought and obtained employment with Ludovico Sforza, later Duke of Milan, partly to sculpt a massive equestrian statue of Ludovico but the work never progressed beyond the full-scale model stage. He did, however, complete the painting which became known as the Virgin of the Rocks and in 1497 his greatest artistic achievement, The Last Supper, commissioned jointly by Ludovico and the friars of Santa Maria della Grazie and painted on the wall of the monastery's refectory. Leonardo was responsible for the court pageants and also devised a system of irrigation to supply water to the plains of Lombardy. In 1499 the French army entered Milan and deposed Leonardo's employer. Leonardo departed and, after a brief visit to Mantua, returned to Florence, where for a time he was employed as architect and engineer to Cesare Borgia, Duke of Romagna. Around 1504 he completed another celebrated work, the Mona Lisa.

In 1506 Leonardo began his second sojourn in Milan, this time in the service of King Louis XII of France, who appointed him "painter and engineer". In 1513 Leonardo left for Rome in the company of his pupil Francesco Melzi, but his time there was unproductive and he found himself out of touch with the younger artists active there, Michelangelo above all. In 1516 he accepted with relief an invitation from King François I of France to reside at the small château of St Cloux in the royal domain of Amboise. With the pension granted by François, Leonardo lived out his remaining years in tranquility at St Cloux.

Leonardo's career can hardly be regarded as a success or worthy of such a towering genius. For centuries he was known only for the handful of artistic works that he managed to complete and have survived more or less intact. His main activity remained hidden until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, during which the contents of his notebooks were gradually revealed. It became evident that Leonardo was one of the greatest scientific investigators and inventors in the history of civilization. Throughout his working life he extended a searching curiosity over an extraordinarily wide range of subjects. The notes show careful investigation of questions of mechanical and civil engineering, such as power transmission by means of pulleys and also a form of chain belting. The notebooks record many devices, such as machines for grinding and polishing lenses, a lathe operated by treadle-crank, a rolling mill with conical rollers and a spinning machine with pinion and yard divider. Leonardo made an exhaustive study of the flight of birds, with a view to designing a flying machine, which obsessed him for many years.

Leonardo recorded his observations and conclusions, together with many ingenious inventions, on thousands of pages of manuscript notes, sketches and drawings. There are occasional indications that he had in mind the publication of portions of the notes in a coherent form, but he never diverted his energy into putting them in order; instead, he went on making notes. As a result, Leonardo's impact on the development of science and technology was virtually nil. Even if his notebooks had been copied and circulated, there were daunting impediments to their understanding. Leonardo was left-handed and wrote in mirror-writing: that is, in reverse from right to left. He also used his own abbreviations and no punctuation.

At his death Leonardo bequeathed his entire output of notes to his friend and companion Francesco Melzi, who kept them safe until his own death in 1570. Melzi left the collection in turn to his son Orazio, whose lack of interest in the arts and sciences resulted in a sad period of dispersal which endangered their survival, but in 1636 the bulk of them, in thirteen volumes, were assembled and donated to the Ambrosian Library in Milan. These include a large volume of notes and drawings compiled from the various portions of the notebooks and is now known as the Codex Atlanticus. There they stayed, forgotten and ignored, until 1796, when Napoleon's marauding army overran Italy and art and literary works, including the thirteen volumes of Leonardo's notebooks, were pillaged and taken to Paris. After the war in 1815, the French government agreed to return them but only the Codex Atlanticus found its way back to Milan; the rest remained in Paris. The appendix to one notebook, dealing with the flight of birds, was later regarded as of sufficient importance to stand on its own. Four small collections reached Britain at various times during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; of these, the volume in the Royal Collection at Windsor Castle is notable for its magnificent series of anatomical drawings. Other collections include the Codex Leicester and Codex Arundel in the British Museum in London, and the Madrid Codices in Spain.

Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Leonardo's true stature as scientist, engineer and inventor began to emerge, particularly with the publication of transcriptions and translations of his notebooks. The volumes in Paris appeared in 1881–97 and the Codex Atlanticus was published in Milan between 1894 and 1904.

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LRD / IMcN

- overhead way machine

1) = gear a windmill to a generator

2) насос; помпа; накачивание; нагнетание; выкачивание; откачивание (процесс действия насоса); II качать насосом; нагнетать; работать насосом; закачивать (воздух и пр.); накачивать (шины и пр.); откачивать; выкачивать; опорожнять

- pump-accumulator

- pump aeration

- pump amplitude

- pump-and-compressor equipment

- pump and injector unit

- pump and injector unit body

- pump and injector unit control rack

- pump assembly

- pump barrel

- pump barret element

- pump capacity

- pump capacity deviation

- pump case

- pump casing

- pump chamber

- pump circuit

- pump cooling

- pump cover

- pump cup

- pump cup leather

- pump delivery

- pump delivery rate

- pump dredge

- pump drive

- pump duration

- pump flow regulator

- pump fluid

- pump impeller

- pump-in pressure

- pump-injector unit

- pump ink feed

- pump piston

- pump plant

- pump shock absorber

- pump slip

- acceleration pump

- acid pump

- air pump

- air barrel pump

- air-chamber pump

- air pump

- airlift pump

- automated cement-handling air pump

- axial pump

- ball pump

- barrel pump

- bellows pump

- blowdown pump

- boost pump

- booster pump

- booster vacuum pump

- boring pump

- breast pump

- bucket pump

- bull pump

- camshaft fuel injection pump

- camshaftless pump

- centrifugal pump

- centrifugal pump with open impeller

- circulating pump

- chamber pump

- charging pump

- chemical proportioning pump

- circulating pump

- cold pump

- combined pump

- compounded pumps

- compressed-air-driven pump

- compressing pump

- compression pump

- concrete pump

- condensate pump

- constant displacement pump

- constant flow pump

- cradle-mounted pump

- crank pump

- crude pump

- delivery pump

- diaphragm pump

- diesel pump

- diesel fuel injection pump

- differential piston pump

- diffuser pump

- diffusion pump

- diffusion-ejector pump

- direct acting pump

- drum pump

- dry-sealed vacuum pump

- duplex pump

- ejector pump

- electric pump

- electric driven pump

- electric fuel pump

- electrical pump

- feed pump

- feeding pump

- fire pump

- fire extinguishing pump

- forcing pump

- four-stage pump

- fuel pump

- fuel boost pump

- fuel injection pump

- fuel lift pump

- fuel transfer pump

- gas pump

- gas ballast vacuum pump

- gasoline pump

- gasoline curb pump

- gear pump

- gear rotary pump

- getter vacuum pump

- glandless pump

- gravel pump

- grease pump

- hand pump

- hand pump for checking and calibrating diesel engine injectors

- hoist pump

- horizontal pump

- hose-type pump

- hydraulic pump

- immerse a pump in water

- inclined Archimedean screw pump

- inclined rotor pump

- influx pump

- injection pump

- integral pump

- jerk pump

- jet pump

- jet kinetic pump

- lift pump

- lined pump

- level operated grease pump

- lubricant pump

- lubricating pump

- metering pump

- milk pump

- multistage pump

- oil pump

- oil booster pump

- oil-immersed pump

- petrol pump

- piston pump

- piston-type pump

- piston pump with cam drive

- plug-in pump

- plunger pump

- pneumatic pump

- pneumatic tyre pump

- power pump

- power pump

- power-driven pump

- pressure pump

- pressure boosting pump

- priming pump

- propeller pump

- proportioning pump

- single-entry pump

- single-plunger pump

1) насос

2) нагнетание; накачивание || качать, накачивать; откачивать

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- adsorption pump

1) насос || подавать [нагнетать\] насосом, качать

2) электрон. накачка, возбуждение || накачивать, возбуждать

3) электрон. генератор накачки

4) электрон. излучение накачки